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  مهارات التفكير العليا

مهارات التفكير العليا

الضرب القياسي

(37) تبرير: إذا كانت begin mathsize 20px style C left parenthesis negative 4 comma 5 comma negative 1 right parenthesis comma B left parenthesis 1 comma negative 5 comma 9 right parenthesis comma A left parenthesis 3 comma negative 2 comma 4 right parenthesis end style، وكانت النقطة D تقع على المستقيم المار بالنقطة A والنقطة B، وكانت الزاوية CDA قائمة، فما إحداثيات النقطة D؟ أبرر إجابتي.

بما أن  قائمة begin mathsize 20px style straight angle C D A end style، فالنقطة D هي المسقط العمودي للنقطة C، على begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with left right arrow on top end style، ويمكن إيجاد إحداثياتها كما يأتي:

begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 2 comma negative 3 comma 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

معادلة المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with left right arrow on top end style هي: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 3 comma negative 2 comma 4 not stretchy right angle bracket plus t not stretchy left angle bracket minus 2 comma negative 3 comma 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

بما أن النقطة D تقع على begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with left right arrow on top end style فإن:

begin mathsize 20px style stack O D with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 3 minus 2 t comma negative 2 minus 3 t comma 4 plus 5 t not stretchy right angle bracket
table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell stack C D with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 3 minus 2 t plus 4 comma negative 2 minus 3 t minus 5 comma 4 plus 5 t plus 1 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket 7 minus 2 t comma negative 7 minus 3 t comma 5 plus 5 t not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell stack C D with rightwards arrow on top perpendicular stack A B with left right arrow on top not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack C D with rightwards arrow on top times stack A B with rightwards arrow on top equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow negative 2 left parenthesis 7 minus 2 t right parenthesis minus 3 left parenthesis negative 7 minus 3 t right parenthesis plus 5 left parenthesis 5 plus 5 t right parenthesis not stretchy rightwards double arrow t equals negative 16 over 19 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack O D with rightwards arrow on top equals left angle bracket 3 minus 2 left parenthesis negative 16 over 19 right parenthesis comma negative 2 minus 3 left parenthesis negative 16 over 19 right parenthesis comma 4 plus 5 left parenthesis negative 16 over 19 right parenthesis right angle bracket equals left angle bracket 89 over 19 comma 10 over 19 comma fraction numerator negative 4 over denominator 19 end fraction right angle bracket end cell end table end style

إذن، إحداثيات D هي: begin mathsize 20px style left parenthesis 89 over 19 comma 10 over 19 comma fraction numerator negative 4 over denominator 19 end fraction right parenthesis end style

تحد: إذا كانت: Error converting from MathML to accessible text.

 معادلة متجهة للمستقيم begin mathsize 20px style bold italic l subscript bold 1 end style، وكانت Error converting from MathML to accessible text. معادلة متجهة للمستقيم begin mathsize 20px style bold italic l subscript 2 end style، وتقاطع هذان المستقيمان في النقطة P، وكانت النقطة Q تقع على المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style bold italic l subscript bold 1 end style، حيث: begin mathsize 20px style bold italic t bold equals bold 3 end style، والنقطة R تقع على المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style bold italic l subscript 2 end style، حيث: begin mathsize 20px style bold italic P bold italic Q bold equals bold italic P bold italic R bold comma bold italic u bold greater than bold 3 end style، فأجيب عن السؤالين الآتيين تباعاً:

(38) إذا كان begin mathsize 20px style m straight angle R P Q equals theta end style، فأبين أن: begin mathsize 20px style cos invisible function application theta equals negative 3 over 94 end style.

الزاوية RPQ هي الزاوية المحصورة بين المستقيمين begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 comma l subscript 1 end style، ونساوي الزاوية بين اتجاهيهما.

اتجاه begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style هو: begin mathsize 20px style u with not stretchy rightwards arrow on top equals left parenthesis table attributes columnspacing 1em end attributes row 7 row cell negative 3 end cell row cell negative 6 end cell end table right parenthesis end style، واتجاه begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 end style هو: begin mathsize 20px style straight v with rightwards arrow on top equals left parenthesis table attributes columnspacing 1em end attributes row 3 row cell negative 6 end cell row 7 end table right parenthesis end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell m straight angle R P Q equals theta not stretchy rightwards double arrow c o s invisible function application theta equals fraction numerator straight u with rightwards arrow on top times straight v with rightwards arrow on top over denominator vertical line straight u with rightwards arrow on top vertical line vertical line straight v with rightwards arrow on top vertical line end fraction end cell cell equals fraction numerator 21 plus 18 minus 42 over denominator square root of 49 plus 9 plus 36 end root cross times square root of 9 plus 36 plus 49 end root end fraction end cell row blank cell equals fraction numerator negative 3 over denominator square root of 94 cross times square root of 94 end fraction equals fraction numerator negative 3 over denominator 94 end fraction end cell end table end style

(39) أبين أن مساحة المثلث PQR هي begin mathsize 20px style 2 square root of 8827 end style وحدة مربعة.

لإيجاد مساحة PQR يتعين معرفة متجهين يمثلان اثنين من أضلاعه، ولذا تلزمنا معرفة إحداثيات رؤوسيه الرأس P هو نقطة تقاطع المستقيمين begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 comma l subscript 1 end style، ونجدها بمساواة begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top end style في المعادلتين ومساواة الإحداثيات المتناظرة:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell not stretchy left angle bracket minus 8 plus 7 t comma 16 minus 3 t comma 1 minus 6 t not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 plus 3 u comma 31 minus 6 u comma negative 26 plus 7 u not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow negative 8 plus 7 t equals negative 10 plus 3 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow 7 t minus 3 u equals negative 2 horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell 16 minus 3 t equals 31 minus 6 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow negative 3 t plus 6 u equals 15 horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell 1 minus 6 t equals negative 26 plus 7 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow 7 u plus 6 t equals 27 horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 3 right parenthesis end cell end table end style

بحل النظام نجد أن: 3=t=1,u

لإيجاد إحداثيات P تعوض t=1 في معادلة begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 8 plus 7 comma 16 minus 3 comma 1 minus 6 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 1 comma 13 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow P left parenthesis negative 1 comma 13 comma negative 5 right parenthesis end cell end table end style

نجد إحداثيات Q بتعريض 3=t في معادلة begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell straight r with rightwards arrow on top end cell cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 8 plus 21 comma 16 minus 9 comma 1 minus 18 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow Q left parenthesis 13 comma 7 comma negative 17 right parenthesis end cell end table end style

النقطة R تقع على المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 end style، فمتجه موقعها هو: begin mathsize 20px style not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 plus 3 u comma 31 minus 6 u comma negative 26 plus 7 u not stretchy right angle bracket end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell stack P Q with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 13 comma 7 comma negative 17 not stretchy right angle bracket minus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 1 comma 13 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket 14 comma negative 6 comma negative 12 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell stack P R with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 plus 3 u comma 31 minus 6 u comma negative 26 plus 7 u not stretchy right angle bracket minus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 1 comma 13 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 9 plus 3 u comma 18 minus 6 u comma negative 21 plus 7 u not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell P R equals P Q not stretchy rightwards double arrow vertical line stack P R with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals vertical line stack P Q with rightwards arrow on top vertical line end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis negative 9 plus 3 u right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis 18 minus 6 u right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 21 plus 7 u right parenthesis squared equals 14 squared plus left parenthesis negative 6 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 12 right parenthesis squared end cell row blank cell 94 u squared minus 564 u plus 470 equals 0 not stretchy rightwards double arrow u squared minus 6 u plus 5 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow u equals 1 space أو space u equals 5 end cell end table end sty

لكن 3<u، فإذن 5=u وتكون  begin mathsize 20px style R left parenthesis 5 comma 1 comma 9 right parenthesis end style

لدينا: begin mathsize 20px style R left parenthesis 5 comma 1 comma 9 right parenthesis comma Q left parenthesis 13 comma 7 comma negative 17 right parenthesis comma P left parenthesis negative 1 comma 13 comma negative 5 right parenthesis end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell vertical line stack P R with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals vertical line stack P Q with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals square root of 14 squared plus left parenthesis negative 6 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 12 right parenthesis squared end root equals end cell row blank cell Area invisible function application left parenthesis P Q R right parenthesis equals 1 half vertical line stack P Q with rightwards arrow on top vertical line cross times vertical line stack P R with rightwards arrow on top vertical line sin invisible function application theta end cell row blank cell sin invisible function application theta equals square root of 1 minus 9 over 94 squared end root equals square root of 8827 over 8836 end root end cell row blank cell Area invisible function application left parenthesis P Q R right parenthesis equals 1 half square root of 376 cross times square root of 376 cross times 223 square root of 88 over 88 end root end cell end table end style

تحد: رسم متوازي المستطيلات الآتي باستعمال برمجية حاسوبية تعتمد في قياساتها على المتجهات، فكانت كالأتي: 

Error converting from MathML to accessible text.

متوازي أضلاع

(40) إذا كانت begin mathsize 20px style B left parenthesis 8 comma 3 comma negative 2 right parenthesis end style، فأجد إحداثيات النقطة H.

لتكن begin mathsize 20px style H left parenthesis x comma y comma z right parenthesis end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell stack B H with rightwards arrow on top equals stack B A with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top plus stack D H with rightwards arrow on top space of 1em left parenthesis stack D H with rightwards arrow on top equals stack A E with rightwards arrow on top right parenthesis end cell row blank cell not stretchy left angle bracket x minus 8 comma y minus 3 comma z plus 2 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 2 comma negative 4 comma negative 4 not stretchy right angle bracket plus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 comma 10 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket plus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma negative 3 comma 6 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow not stretchy left angle bracket x minus 8 comma y minus 3 comma z plus 2 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 18 comma 3 comma negative 3 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow x minus 8 equals negative 18 not stretchy rightwards double arrow x equals negative 10 end cell row blank cell y minus 3 equals 3 not stretchy rightwards double arrow y equals 6 end cell row blank cell z plus 2 equals negative 3 not stretchy rightwards double arrow z equals negative 5 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow H left parenthesis negative 10 comma 6 comma negative 5 right parenthesis end cell end table end style

ملحوظة: توجد طرق أخرى للحل، منها التدرج بإيجاد إحداثيات A ثم E ثم H ....

(41) أجد قياس الزاوية GAC مقرباً إلى أقرب عشر درجة.

يمكن بالطرق الواردة في حل السؤال السابق إيجاد احداثيات كل من C,G وإكمال الحل لحساب قياس الزاوية المطلوبة تقليدياً، هنا سنستفيد من حقيقة أن GC وAC متعامدان (أي أن begin mathsize 20px style b b b end style قائم في C)

لیکن begin mathsize 20px style m straight angle G A C equals theta end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell tan invisible function application theta end cell cell equals fraction numerator vertical line stack C G with rightwards arrow on top vertical line over denominator vertical line stack A C with rightwards arrow on top vertical line end fraction equals fraction numerator vertical line stack A E with rightwards arrow on top vertical line over denominator vertical line stack A B with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top vertical line end fraction equals fraction numerator vertical line not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma negative 3 comma 6 not stretchy right angle bracket vertical line over denominator vertical line not stretchy left angle bracket 2 comma 4 comma 4 not stretchy right angle bracket plus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 comma 10 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket vertical line end fraction equals fraction numerator vertical line not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma negative 3 comma 6 not stretchy right angle bracket vertical line over denominator vertical line not stretchy left angle bracket minus 8 comma 14 comma negative 1 not stretchy right angle bracket vertical line end fraction end cell row blank cell equals fraction numerator square root of 36 plus 9 plus 36 end root over denominator square root of 64 plus 196 plus 1 end root end fraction equals fraction numerator square root of 81 over denominator square root of 261 end fraction equals fraction numerator 9 over denominator 3 square root of 29 end fraction equals fraction numerator 3 over denominator square root of 29 end fraction not stretchy rightwards double arrow theta equals tan to the power of negative 1 end exponent invisible function application fraction numerator 3 over denominator square root of 29 end fraction almost equal to 29.1 to the power of ring operator end cell end table end style

(42) إذا كان X نقطة منتصف الضلع Error converting from MathML to accessible text.، فأجد جيب تمام الزاوية DXC. 

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell stack X D with rightwards arrow on top end cell cell equals stack X E with rightwards arrow on top plus stack E A with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals 1 half stack F E with rightwards arrow on top minus stack A E with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals negative 1 half stack A B with rightwards arrow on top minus stack A E with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 1 comma negative 2 comma negative 2 not stretchy right angle bracket minus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma negative 3 comma 6 not stretchy right angle bracket plus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 comma 10 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 5 comma 11 comma negative 13 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell end table
table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell not stretchy ⟹ vertical line stack X D with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals square root of 25 plus 121 plus 169 end root equals square root of 315 end cell row blank cell stack X C with rightwards arrow on top equals stack X F with rightwards arrow on top plus stack F B with rightwards arrow on top plus stack B C with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals 1 half stack E F with rightwards arrow on top minus stack A E with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals 1 half stack A B with rightwards arrow on top minus stack A E with rightwards arrow on top plus stack A D with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma 2 comma 2 not stretchy right angle bracket minus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma negative 3 comma 6 not stretchy right angle bracket plus not stretchy left angle bracket minus 10 comma 10 comma negative 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 3 comma 15 comma negative 9 not stretchy right angle bracket end cell end tab
\ntable attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow vertical line stack X D with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals square root of 9 plus 225 plus 81 end root equals square root of 315 end cell row blank cell stack X D with rightwards arrow on top times stack X C with rightwards arrow on top equals negative 5 left parenthesis negative 3 right parenthesis plus 11 left parenthesis 15 right parenthesis minus 13 left parenthesis negative 9 right parenthesis equals 297 end cell row blank cell c o s invisible function application theta equals fraction numerator stack X D with rightwards arrow on top times stack X C with rightwards arrow on top over denominator vertical line stack X D with rightwards arrow on top vertical line vertical line stack X C with rightwards arrow on top vertical line end fraction equals 297 over 315 equals 33 over 35 end cell end table end sty

إعداد : شبكة منهاجي التعليمية

10 / 07 / 2023

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