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  مهارات التفكير العليا

مهارات التفكير العليا

المتجهات في الفضاء

(39) تحد: يمر المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style بالنقطة Q التي متجه الموقـع لها هـو begin mathsize 20px style straight q with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma 14 comma negative 19 not stretchy right angle bracket end style، ويمر أيضا بالنقطة S التـي متجه الموقع لها هـو begin mathsize 20px style straight s with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 4 comma 6 comma negative 3 not stretchy right angle bracket end style، ويمـر المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 end style بالنقطة begin mathsize 20px style T left parenthesis 1 comma 9 comma 9 right parenthesis end style، ويوازي المستقيم: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 0 comma negative 6 comma 1 not stretchy right angle bracket plus t not stretchy left angle bracket 4 comma 7 comma 4 not stretchy right angle bracket end style. إذا تقاطع المستقيم begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style والمستقيم begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 end style في النقطة U، فأثبت أن المثلث STU متطابق الضلعين.

begin mathsize 20px style stack Q S with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 2 comma negative 8 comma 16 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

يمكن تبسيط اتجاه begin mathsize 20px style stack Q S with rightwards arrow on top end stylebegin mathsize 20px style straight v with rightwards arrow on top subscript 1 equals not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma negative 4 comma 8 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

إذن معادلة begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style هي: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma 14 comma negative 19 not stretchy right angle bracket plus t not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma negative 4 comma 8 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

معادلة begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 end style هي: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma 9 comma 9 not stretchy right angle bracket plus u not stretchy left angle bracket 4 comma 7 comma 4 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

لإيجاد نقطة تقاطعهما، نجد قيم u,t اللتين تجعلان begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top end style في المعادلتين متساويين:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 plus t comma 14 minus 4 t comma negative 19 plus 8 t not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket 1 plus 4 u comma 9 plus 7 u comma 9 plus 4 u not stretchy right angle bracket end cell row blank cell negative 6 plus t equals 1 plus 4 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow t minus 4 u equals 7 midline horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell 14 minus 4 t equals 9 plus 7 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow 4 t plus 7 u equals 5 midline horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis midline horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis text (2) end text end cell row blank cell negative 19 plus 8 t equals 9 plus 4 u not stretchy rightwards double arrow 4 t minus 2 u equals 14 horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis text (3) end text end cell row blank cell left parenthesis 3 right parenthesis minus left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis colon 9 u equals negative 9 not stretchy rightwards double arrow u equals negative 1 comma t equals 3 end cell end table end style

وهاتان القيمتان تحققان أيضا المعادلة (1)

نجد نقطة تقاطع begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 comma l subscript 1 end style بتعويض 3=t في معادلة begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 1 end style:

begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 6 comma 14 comma negative 19 not stretchy right angle bracket plus 3 not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma negative 4 comma 8 not stretchy right angle bracket equals not stretchy left angle bracket minus 3 comma 2 comma 5 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

إذن، نقطة تقاطع begin mathsize 20px style l subscript 2 comma l subscript 1 end style هي: begin mathsize 20px style U left parenthesis negative 3 comma 2 comma 5 right parenthesis end style

الآن لدينا أيضاً begin mathsize 20px style straight T left parenthesis 1 comma 9 comma 9 right parenthesis comma S left parenthesis negative 4 comma 6 comma negative 3 right parenthesis end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell T U equals square root of 16 plus 49 plus 16 end root equals 9 end cell row blank cell S U equals square root of 1 plus 16 plus 64 end root equals 9 end cell end table end style

بما أن TU=SU اذن، begin mathsize 20px style straight triangle S T U end style متطابق الضلعين.

الشكلتبرير: في الشكل المجاور، begin mathsize 20px style bold italic D bold italic F bold equals bold 8 bold b with bold rightwards arrow on top bold comma bold italic D bold italic E bold equals bold 12 bold a with bold rightwards arrow on top end style، والنقطة M تقسم DE بنسبة begin mathsize 20px style bold 1 bold colon bold 2 end style، والنقطة N تقسم Error converting from MathML to accessible text. بنسبة begin mathsize 20px style bold 1 bold colon bold 2 end style

(40) أثبت أن: FEMN شبه منحرف.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell stack M N with rightwards arrow on top equals stack M D with rightwards arrow on top plus stack D N with rightwards arrow on top equals 1 third stack E D with rightwards arrow on top plus 1 third stack D F with rightwards arrow on top equals 1 third left parenthesis negative 12 straight a with rightwards arrow on top plus 8 straight b with rightwards arrow on top right parenthesis end cell row blank cell stack E F with rightwards arrow on top equals stack E D with rightwards arrow on top plus stack D F with rightwards arrow on top equals negative 12 straight a with rightwards arrow on top plus 8 straight b with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack M N with rightwards arrow on top equals 1 third stack E F with rightwards arrow on top end cell end table end style

وهذا يثبت أن begin mathsize 20px style stack M N with rightwards arrow on top parallel to stack E F with rightwards arrow on top end style

إذن الشكل FEMN رباعي فيه ضلعان متوازيان والضلعان الآخران غير متوازيين، فهو شبه منحرف.

(41) إذا كانت مساحة المثلث DEF تســاوي 72 وحدة مربعة، فأجد مساحة FEMN.

يمكن حل هذا السؤال بتوظيف تشابه المثلثات.

أو باستخدام مساحة المثلث بدلالة طولي ضلعين فيه وجيب الزاوية المحصورة بينهما، كالآتي:

ليكن begin mathsize 20px style A subscript 2 end style مساحة begin mathsize 20px style straight triangle D E F end style، begin mathsize 20px style A subscript 1 end style مساحة begin mathsize 20px style straight triangle D M N end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell A subscript 2 equals 1 half left parenthesis D E right parenthesis left parenthesis D F right parenthesis sin invisible function application D end cell row blank cell A subscript 1 equals 1 half left parenthesis D M right parenthesis left parenthesis D N right parenthesis sin invisible function application D end cell row blank cell A subscript 2 over A subscript 1 equals fraction numerator D N over denominator D F end fraction cross times fraction numerator D M over denominator D E end fraction equals 1 third cross times 1 third equals 1 over 9 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow A subscript 2 over 72 equals 1 over 9 not stretchy rightwards double arrow A subscript 2 equals 8 end cell row blank blank end table end style

مساحة شبه المنحرف FEMN تساوي: begin mathsize 20px style A subscript 1 minus A subscript 2 equals 72 minus 8 equals 64 end style

إذن مساحة الشكل FEMN تساوي 64 وحدة مربعة.

(42) تبرير: تقع النقطة C على المستقيم الذي يحوي النقطتين: begin mathsize 20px style B left parenthesis 22 comma negative 22 comma 9 right parenthesis comma left parenthesis A left parenthesis 13 comma negative 10 comma 15 right parenthesis end style، إذا كان بعد C عن B مثلي بعد C عن A، فأجد جميع إحداثيات النقطة C الممكنة، مبرراً إجابتي.

begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 9 comma negative 12 comma negative 6 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

يمكن تبسيط اتجاه begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with rightwards arrow on top end stylebegin mathsize 20px style straight v with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 3 comma negative 4 comma negative 2 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

إذن معادلة begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with rightwards arrow on top end style هي: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 13 comma negative 10 comma 15 not stretchy right angle bracket plus t not stretchy left angle bracket 3 comma negative 4 comma negative 2 not stretchy right angle bracket end style

النقطة الواقعة على begin mathsize 20px style stack A B with rightwards arrow on top end style تكون إحداثياتها على الصورة: begin mathsize 20px style C equals left parenthesis 13 plus 3 t comma negative 10 minus 4 t comma 15 minus 2 t right parenthesis end style

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell B C equals 2 A C not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis B C right parenthesis squared equals 4 left parenthesis A C right parenthesis squared end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis 13 plus 3 t minus 22 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 10 minus 4 t plus 22 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis 15 minus 2 t minus 9 right parenthesis squared equals 4 left parenthesis left parenthesis 3 t right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 4 t right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 2 t right parenthesis squared right parenthesis end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow 87 t squared plus 174 t minus 261 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow t squared plus 2 t minus 3 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis t plus 3 right parenthesis left parenthesis t minus 1 right parenthesis equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow t equals negative 3 comma space of 1em t equals 1 end cell row blank cell t equals negative 3 not stretchy rightwards double arrow C left parenthesis 4 comma 2 comma 21 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell t equals 1 not stretchy rightwards double arrow C left parenthesis 16 comma negative 14 comma 13 right parenthesis end cell end table end style

(43) تحد: أجد جميع النقاط على المستقيم: begin mathsize 20px style straight r with rightwards arrow on top equals not stretchy left angle bracket 3 comma negative 2 comma negative 6 not stretchy right angle bracket plus t not stretchy left angle bracket 1 comma 2 comma 3 not stretchy right angle bracket end style التي تبعد 29 وحدة عن نقطة الأصل.

النقاط الواقعة على المستقيم المعطى تكون إحداثياتها على الصورة:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell P left parenthesis 3 plus t comma negative 2 plus 2 t comma negative 6 plus 3 t right parenthesis end cell row blank cell O P equals square root of left parenthesis 3 plus t right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 2 plus 2 t right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis negative 6 plus 3 t right parenthesis squared end root equals 29 end cell end table end style

نربع الطرفين ونفك الأقواس فنحصل على:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell 14 t squared minus 38 t minus 792 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow 7 t squared minus 19 t minus 396 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis t minus 9 right parenthesis left parenthesis 7 t plus 44 right parenthesis equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow t equals 9 comma t equals negative 44 over 7 end cell end table end style

إذن، لدينا نقطتان تحققان المطلوب هما: 

begin mathsize 20px style P subscript 1 equals left parenthesis 12 comma 16 comma 21 right parenthesis comma P subscript 2 equals left parenthesis negative 23 over 7 comma negative 102 over 7 comma negative 174 over 7 right parenthesis end style

الشكل(44) تحد: يمثل الشكل المجاور متوازي الأضلاع UVWX، إذا كان: begin mathsize 20px style stack U V with rightwards arrow on top equals 3 straight a with rightwards arrow on top text , end text stack U X with rightwards arrow on top equals 8 straight b with rightwards arrow on top end style، وكانت النقطة لا تقع بين V و W، حيث: begin mathsize 20px style V Y equals 3 Y W end style، وZ هي نقطة، حيث: begin mathsize 20px style stack X Z with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 over 3 stack X W with rightwards arrow on top end style، فأثبت أن U، وY، وZ تقع على استقامة واحدة.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell stack X Z with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 over 3 stack X W with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 over 3 stack U V with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 over 3 left parenthesis 3 straight a with rightwards arrow on top right parenthesis equals 4 straight a with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack X W with rightwards arrow on top plus stack W Z with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 straight a with rightwards arrow on top not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack W Z with rightwards arrow on top equals 4 straight a with rightwards arrow on top minus 3 straight a with rightwards arrow on top equals straight a with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell fraction numerator Y W over denominator V Y end fraction equals 1 third not stretchy rightwards double arrow fraction numerator Y W over denominator V W end fraction equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 plus 3 end fraction equals 1 fourth not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack Y W with rightwards arrow on top equals 2 straight b with rightwards arrow on top comma stack V Y with rightwards arrow on top equals 6 straight b with rightwards arrow on top end cell row blank cell stack U Y with rightwards arrow on top equals stack U V with rightwards arrow on top plus stack V Y with rightwards arrow on top equals 3 straight a with rightwards arrow on top plus 6 straight b with rightwards arrow on top equals 3 left parenthesis straight a with rightwards arrow on top plus 2 straight b with rightwards arrow on top right parenthesis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell stack Y Z with rightwards arrow on top equals stack Y W with rightwards arrow on top plus stack W Z with rightwards arrow on top equals 2 straight b with rightwards arrow on top plus straight a with rightwards arrow on top horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis open parentheses 2 close parentheses end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack U Y with rightwards arrow on top equals 3 stack Y Z with rightwards arrow on top not stretchy rightwards double arrow stack Y Z with rightwards arrow on top parallel to stack U Y with rightwards arrow on top end cell end table end style

وبما أنهما ينطلقان من النقطة begin mathsize 20px style Y end style إذن النقاط begin mathsize 20px style U comma Z comma Y end style تقع على استقامة واحدة.

إعداد : شبكة منهاجي التعليمية

16 / 02 / 2023

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