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  مهارات التفكير العليا

مهارات التفكير العليا

تكامل اقترانات خاصة

تبرير: أجد مساحة المنطقة المظللة في كل من التمثيلين البيانيين الآتيين، مبرراً إجابتي;

التمثيل البياني للسؤال 52

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell sin invisible function application x equals 0 not stretchy rightwards double arrow x equals 0 comma pi comma 2 pi end cell row blank cell A equals integral subscript 0 superscript pi sin invisible function application x d x plus left parenthesis negative integral subscript pi superscript 2 pi end superscript sin invisible function application x d x right parenthesis equals left parenthesis negative cos invisible function application x right parenthesis vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi plus left parenthesis cos invisible function application x right parenthesis vertical line subscript pi superscript 2 pi end superscript end cell row blank cell equals negative cos invisible function application pi plus cos invisible function application 0 plus cos invisible function application 2 pi minus cos invisible function application pi equals 4 end cell end table end style

ملحوظة: يمكن الاستفادة من التماثل وإيجاد المساحة المطلوبة كما يأتي:

begin mathsize 20px style A equals 2 integral subscript 0 superscript pi sin invisible function application x d x equals 2 left parenthesis negative cos invisible function application x right parenthesis vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi equals 2 left parenthesis negative cos invisible function application pi plus cos invisible function application 0 right parenthesis equals 2 left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis equals 4 end style

التمثيل البياني للسؤال 54

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell sin invisible function application 2 x equals 0 not stretchy rightwards double arrow x equals 0 comma pi over 2 comma pi comma fraction numerator 3 pi over denominator 2 end fraction comma 2 pi end cell row blank cell A equals integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 2 end superscript sin invisible function application 2 x d x plus left parenthesis negative integral subscript pi over 2 end subscript superscript pi sin invisible function application 2 x d x right parenthesis plus integral subscript pi superscript fraction numerator 3 pi over denominator 2 end fraction end superscript sin invisible function application 2 x d x end cell row blank cell plus left parenthesis negative integral subscript fraction numerator 3 pi over denominator 2 end fraction end subscript superscript 2 pi end superscript sin invisible function application 2 x d x right parenthesis end cell end table end style

والأسهل هو الاستفادة من التماثل وإيجاد المساحة المطلوبة كما يأتي:

begin mathsize 20px style A equals 4 integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 2 end superscript sin invisible function application 2 x d x equals negative 2 cos invisible function application 2 x vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi over 2 end superscript equals negative 2 left parenthesis negative 1 minus 1 right parenthesis equals 4 end style

تحد: أجد كلاً من التكاملات الآتية:

begin mathsize 20px style integral fraction numerator sec invisible function application x over denominator sin invisible function application x minus cos invisible function application x end fraction d x end style (54)

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell integral fraction numerator sec invisible function application x over denominator sin invisible function application x minus cos invisible function application x end fraction d x end cell cell equals integral fraction numerator fraction numerator sec invisible function application x over denominator cos invisible function application x end fraction over denominator left parenthesis fraction numerator sin invisible function application x over denominator cos invisible function application x end fraction minus 1 right parenthesis end fraction d x end cell row blank cell equals integral fraction numerator sec squared invisible function application x over denominator left parenthesis tan invisible function application x minus 1 right parenthesis end fraction d x end cell row blank cell equals ln invisible function application vertical line tan invisible function application x minus 1 vertical line plus C end cell end table end style

begin mathsize 20px style integral fraction numerator cot invisible function application x over denominator 2 plus sin invisible function application x end fraction d x end style (55)

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell integral fraction numerator cot invisible function application x over denominator 2 plus sin invisible function application x end fraction d x end cell cell equals integral fraction numerator cot invisible function application x csc invisible function application x over denominator 2 csc invisible function application x plus 1 end fraction d x end cell row blank cell equals negative 1 half integral fraction numerator negative 2 cot invisible function application x csc invisible function application x over denominator 2 csc invisible function application x plus 1 end fraction d x end cell row blank cell equals negative 1 half ln invisible function application vertical line 2 csc invisible function application x plus 1 vertical line plus C end cell row blank cell equals negative 1 half ln invisible function application vertical line 2 csc invisible function application x plus 1 vertical line plus C end cell end table end style

begin mathsize 20px style integral fraction numerator 1 over denominator x ln invisible function application x cubed end fraction d x end style (56)

begin mathsize 20px style integral fraction numerator 1 over denominator x ln invisible function application x cubed end fraction d x equals integral fraction numerator 1 over denominator 3 x ln invisible function application x end fraction d x equals 1 third integral fraction numerator 1 over x over denominator ln invisible function application x end fraction d x equals 1 third ln invisible function application vertical line ln invisible function application x vertical line plus C end style

(57) تبرير: إذا كان: begin mathsize 20px style integral subscript 1 superscript a left parenthesis 1 over x minus fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 x plus 3 end fraction right parenthesis d x equals 0.5 ln invisible function application 5 end style، فأجد قيمة الثابت a، حيث: begin mathsize 20px style a greater than 0 end style.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell integral subscript 1 superscript a left parenthesis 1 over x minus fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 x plus 3 end fraction right parenthesis d x end cell cell equals left parenthesis l n invisible function application vertical line x vertical line minus 1 half l n invisible function application vertical line 2 x plus 3 vertical line right parenthesis vertical line subscript 1 superscript a end cell row blank cell equals left parenthesis l n invisible function application a minus 1 half l n invisible function application left parenthesis 2 a plus 3 right parenthesis right parenthesis minus left parenthesis negative 1 half l n invisible function application 5 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell equals l n invisible function application a minus 1 half l n invisible function application left parenthesis 2 a plus 3 right parenthesis plus 1 half l n invisible function application 5 end cell row blank cell equals l n invisible function application fraction numerator a over denominator square root of 2 a plus 3 end root end fraction plus 1 half l n invisible function application 5 end cell end table
table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow l n invisible function application fraction numerator a over denominator square root of 2 a plus 3 end root end fraction plus 1 half l n invisible function application 5 equals 0.5 l n invisible function application 5 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow l n invisible function application fraction numerator a over denominator square root of 2 a plus 3 end root end fraction equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow fraction numerator a over denominator square root of 2 a plus 3 end root end fraction equals 1 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow a equals square root of 2 a plus 3 end root end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow a squared equals 2 a plus 3 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow a squared minus 2 a minus 3 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow left parenthesis a minus 3 right parenthesis left parenthesis a plus 1 right parenthesis equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow a equals 3 comma a equals negative 1 space of 1em open parentheses a greater than 0 space لأن space مرفوضة close parentheses end cell end table

(58) تبرير: أثبت بطريقتين مختلفتين أن: begin mathsize 20px style integral subscript 0 superscript pi divided by 4 end superscript cos invisible function application x cos invisible function application 3 x d x minus integral subscript 0 superscript pi divided by 4 end superscript sin invisible function application x sin invisible function application 3 x d x equals 0 end style.

طريقة أولى: 

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript cos invisible function application x cos invisible function application 3 x d x end cell cell equals 1 half integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript left parenthesis cos invisible function application 4 x plus cos invisible function application 2 x right parenthesis d x end cell row blank cell equals left parenthesis 1 over 8 sin invisible function application 4 x plus 1 fourth sin invisible function application 2 x right parenthesis vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript end cell row blank cell equals left parenthesis 1 over 8 sin invisible function application pi plus 1 fourth sin invisible function application pi over 2 right parenthesis minus left parenthesis 0 plus 0 right parenthesis equals 1 fourth horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis.. open parentheses 1 close parentheses end cell end table
table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript sin invisible function application x sin invisible function application 3 x d x equals 1 half integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript left parenthesis cos invisible function application 2 x minus cos invisible function application 4 x right parenthesis d x end cell row blank cell equals left parenthesis 1 fourth sin invisible function application 2 x minus 1 over 8 sin invisible function application 4 x right parenthesis vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript end cell row blank cell equals left parenthesis 1 fourth sin invisible function application pi over 2 minus 1 over 8 sin invisible function application pi right parenthesis minus left parenthesis 0 minus 0 right parenthesis equals 1 fourth horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript cos invisible function application x cos invisible function application 3 x d x minus integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript sin invisible function application x sin invisible function application 3 x d x equals 1 fourth minus 1 fourth equals 0 end cell end table end style

طريقة ثانية:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript cos invisible function application x cos invisible function application 3 x d x minus integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript sin invisible function application x sin invisible function application 3 x d x end cell row blank cell equals integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript left parenthesis cos invisible function application x cos invisible function application 3 x minus sin invisible function application x sin invisible function application 3 x right parenthesis d x equals integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript cos invisible function application left parenthesis x plus 3 x right parenthesis d x end cell row blank cell equals integral subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript cos invisible function application 4 x d x equals 1 fourth sin invisible function application 4 x vertical line subscript 0 superscript pi over 4 end superscript equals 1 fourth left parenthesis sin invisible function application pi minus sin invisible function application 0 right parenthesis equals 0 end cell end table end style

(59) تبرير: إذا كان: begin mathsize 20px style integral subscript pi divided by 4 k end subscript superscript pi divided by 3 k end superscript left parenthesis 1 minus pi sin invisible function application k x right parenthesis d x equals pi left parenthesis 7 minus 6 square root of 2 right parenthesis end style، فأجد قيمة الثابت k، مبرراً إجابتي.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell integral subscript fraction numerator pi over denominator 4 k end fraction end subscript superscript fraction numerator pi over denominator 3 k end fraction end superscript left parenthesis 1 minus pi sin invisible function application k x right parenthesis d x equals left parenthesis x plus pi over k cos invisible function application k x right parenthesis vertical line subscript fraction numerator pi over denominator 4 k end fraction end subscript superscript fraction numerator pi over denominator 3 k end fraction end superscript end cell row blank cell equals fraction numerator pi over denominator 3 k end fraction plus pi over k cos invisible function application pi over 3 minus fraction numerator pi over denominator 4 k end fraction minus pi over k cos invisible function application pi over 4 end cell row blank cell equals pi over k left parenthesis 1 third plus 1 half minus 1 fourth minus fraction numerator square root of 2 over denominator 2 end fraction right parenthesis equals fraction numerator pi over denominator 12 k end fraction left parenthesis 7 minus 6 square root of 2 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow fraction numerator pi over denominator 12 k end fraction left parenthesis 7 minus 6 square root of 2 right parenthesis equals pi left parenthesis 7 minus 6 square root of 2 right parenthesis end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow k equals 1 over 12 end cell end table end style

تحد: يتحرك جسيم في مسار مستقيم، وتعطى سرعته المتجهة بالاقتران:

begin mathsize 20px style bold italic v bold left parenthesis bold italic t bold right parenthesis bold equals bold left curly bracket table attributes columnalign left left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell bold 2 bold t bold plus bold 4 end cell cell bold comma bold 0 bold less or equal than bold t bold less or equal than bold 6 end cell row cell bold 20 bold minus bold left parenthesis bold t bold minus bold 8 bold right parenthesis to the power of bold 2 end cell cell bold comma bold 6 bold less than bold t bold less or equal than bold 10 end cell end table end style

حيث t الزمن بالثواني، وv سرعته المتجهة بالمتر لكل ثانية. إذا بدأ الجسيم حركته من نقطة الأصل، فأجد كلاً مما يأتي:

(60) موقع الجسيم بعد 5 ثوان من بدء الحركة.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell v left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals left curly bracket table attributes columnalign center center columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell 2 t plus 4 comma end cell cell 0 less or equal than t less or equal than 6 end cell row cell 16 t minus t squared minus 44 comma end cell cell 6 less than t less or equal than 10 end cell end table end cell row blank cell s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals integral v left parenthesis t right parenthesis d t end cell end table
table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals integral left parenthesis 2 t plus 4 right parenthesis d t equals t squared plus 4 t plus C subscript 1 space open parentheses 0 less or equal than t less or equal than 6 space عندما close parentheses end cell row blank cell s left parenthesis 0 right parenthesis equals 0 not stretchy rightwards double arrow C subscript 1 equals 0 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals t squared plus 4 t comma 0 less or equal than t less or equal than 6 end cell row blank cell s left parenthesis 5 right parenthesis equals 25 plus 20 equals 45 straight m end cell end table end

(61) موقع الجسيم بعد 9 ثوان من بدء الحركة.

begin mathsize 20px style s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals integral left parenthesis 16 t minus t squared minus 44 right parenthesis d t equals 8 t squared minus 1 third t cubed minus 44 t plus C subscript 2 space open parentheses 6 less than t less or equal than 10 space عندما close parentheses end

لإيجاد قيمة begin mathsize 20px style straight C subscript 2 end style نستعمل موقع الجسم عند begin mathsize 20px style t equals 6 end style موقعاً ابتدائياً بالنسبة للفترة begin mathsize 20px style open square brackets 6 comma 10 close square brackets end style:

begin mathsize 20px style s left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis equals 8 left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis squared minus 1 third left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis cubed minus 44 left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis plus C subscript 2 end style

ونحسب begin mathsize 20px style s left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis end style من اقتران الموقع الذي وجدناه في السؤال السابق بالنسبة للفترة begin mathsize 20px style left square bracket 0 comma 6 right square bracket end style:

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals t squared plus 4 t comma 0 less or equal than t less or equal than 6 end cell row blank cell s left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis equals 6 squared plus 4 left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis equals 60 end cell row blank cell 60 equals 8 left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis squared minus 1 third left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis cubed minus 44 left parenthesis 6 right parenthesis plus C subscript 2 end cell row blank cell 60 equals negative 48 plus C subscript 2 not stretchy rightwards double arrow C subscript 2 equals 108 end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow s left parenthesis t right parenthesis equals 8 t squared minus 1 third t cubed minus 44 t plus 108 comma 6 less than t less or equal than 10 end cell row blank cell s left parenthesis 9 right parenthesis equals 117 straight m end cell end table end style

الشكل(62) تحد: يبين الشكل المجاور المنطقة المحصورة بين منحنى الاقتران: begin mathsize 20px style y equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator x plus 3 end fraction end style، والمحـور x، والمستقيمين: begin mathsize 20px style x equals 45 comma ، x equals 0 end styl أجد قيمة k التي تقسم المنطقة المطلقة إلى منطقتين متساويتين في الساحة.

begin mathsize 20px style table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row blank cell table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell A equals integral subscript 0 superscript 45 fraction numerator 1 over denominator x plus 3 end fraction d x end cell cell equals l n ∣ x plus 3 parallel to subscript 0 superscript 45 end cell row blank cell equals l n invisible function application 48 minus l n invisible function application 3 equals l n invisible function application 16 end cell row cell 1 half A equals integral subscript 0 superscript k fraction numerator 1 over denominator x plus 3 end fraction d x end cell cell equals l n ∣ x plus 3 parallel to subscript 0 superscript k end cell row blank cell equals l n invisible function application left parenthesis k plus 3 right parenthesis minus l n invisible function application 3 end cell row blank cell equals l n invisible function application fraction numerator k plus 3 over denominator 3 end fraction end cell end table end cell row blank cell table attributes columnalign right left right left right left right left right left right left columnspacing 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em end attributes row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow 1 half l n invisible function application 16 equals l n invisible function application fraction numerator k plus 3 over denominator 3 end fraction end cell end table end cell row blank cell l n invisible function application 16 fraction numerator 1 divided by 2 over denominator blank end fraction equals l n invisible function application fraction numerator k plus 3 over denominator 3 end fraction end cell row blank cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow 4 equals fraction numerator k plus 3 over denominator 3 end fraction not stretchy rightwards double arrow k equals 9 end cell end table end s

إعداد : شبكة منهاجي التعليمية

14 / 02 / 2023

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